Python Modules Used in Odoo Framework

Odoo, an open-source enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, leverages a variety of Python modules to provide robust and flexible solutions across diverse business functions. These modules enable Odoo to handle everything from database operations and web development to complex financial calculations, report generation, and third-party integrations. For example, psycopg2 facilitates PostgreSQL database interactions, while Werkzeug powers the web server layer. Modules like Jinja2 are used for templating, and ReportLab is employed for PDF generation. Additionally, modules like cryptography ensure secure data handling, while requests and zeep allow seamless API interactions and SOAP-based integrations, respectively. This rich ecosystem of Python libraries is integral to Odoo’s modular architecture, making it adaptable, secure, and scalable for various business needs.

Built-in Modules

Odoo Python built-in modules with a brief:

1. collections: Provides specialized container datatypes like Counter, deque, and namedtuple.
   • Example: from collections import Counter; Counter('hello') counts letter frequencies.
2. functools: Offers higher-order functions for functional programming, like lru_cache and reduce.
   • Example: @lru_cache(maxsize=128) caches results of expensive functions.
3. io: Handles I/O operations such as reading and writing files or managing in-memory streams.
   • Example: io.StringIO() creates an in-memory file-like object.
4. logging: Configures and uses log messages within applications.
   • Example: logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO); logging.info("Info message") logs a message.
5. mimetypes: Maps file extensions to MIME types.
   • Example: mimetypes.guess_type('file.txt') returns the MIME type for a .txt file.
6. re: Supports regular expressions for string searching and manipulation.
   • Example: re.search(r'\d+', 'ID: 123') finds the first sequence of digits.
7. zipfile: Manages ZIP archive files, enabling extraction and creation.
   • Example: zipfile.ZipFile('archive.zip').extractall() extracts files from a ZIP archive.
8. glob: Finds pathnames matching a specified pattern, like wildcards.
   • Example: glob.glob('*.py') lists all Python files in the current directory.
9. importlib: Programmatically imports modules within Python.
   • Example: importlib.import_module('math') dynamically imports the math module.
10. os: Interacts with the operating system, handling tasks like file paths and environment variables.
    • Example: os.getcwd() returns the current working directory.
11. atexit: Registers functions to execute upon normal interpreter termination.
    • Example: atexit.register(print, 'Program ended') prints a message at exit.
12. csv: Reads and writes CSV files, handling comma-separated values.
    • Example: csv.reader(open('data.csv')) reads rows from a CSV file.
13. signal: Handles asynchronous events and signals, often for inter-process communication.
    • Example: signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, handler) catches the interrupt signal (Ctrl+C).
14. sys: Provides system-specific parameters and functions like command-line arguments.
    • Example: sys.argv lists command-line arguments passed to the script.
15. threading: Implements concurrency using threads for parallel execution.
    • Example: threading.Thread(target=some_function).start() starts a new thread.
16. traceback: Provides detailed error tracebacks for debugging.
    • Example: traceback.print_exc() prints the most recent exception traceback.
17. time: Handles time-related functions like delays, timestamps, and date formatting.
    • Example: time.sleep(1) pauses execution for 1 second.
18. getpass: Safely prompts for a password without echoing.
    • Example: getpass.getpass('Enter password:') prompts for a password securely.
19. base64: Encodes and decodes data using Base64 encoding.
    • Example: base64.b64encode(b'data') encodes binary data as Base64.
20. cgi: Supports building web applications using Common Gateway Interface (CGI).
    • Example: cgi.FieldStorage() handles form data in web applications.
21. contextlib: Utilities for resource management, including context managers.
    • Example: with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError): suppresses errors in a block.
22. hashlib: Provides cryptographic hashing functions like SHA and MD5.
    • Example: hashlib.sha256(b'password').hexdigest() generates a SHA-256 hash.
23. hmac: Implements keyed-hashing for message authentication.
    • Example: hmac.new(key, message, hashlib.sha256).digest() creates an HMAC.
24. inspect: Retrieves live object information, like functions and classes.
    • Example: inspect.getmembers(some_object) lists an object’s attributes.
25. json: Encodes and decodes JSON data.
    • Example: json.loads('{"key": "value"}') parses a JSON string into a dictionary.
26. warnings: Manages warning messages in Python code.
    • Example: warnings.warn("This is a warning") generates a user warning.
27. zlib: Compresses and decompresses data using the zlib library.
    • Example: zlib.compress(b'data') compresses binary data.
28. abc: Provides a way to define Abstract Base Classes (ABCs).
    • Example: class AbstractBase(abc.ABC) defines an abstract class.
29. datetime: Manages dates, times, and timestamps.
    • Example: datetime.datetime.now() returns the current date and time.
30. pathlib: Object-oriented filesystem paths.
    • Example: pathlib.Path('file.txt').exists() checks if a file exists.
31. urllib: Handles URLs, including fetching and parsing web content.
    • Example: urllib.request.urlopen('http://example.com') opens a URL.
32. argparse: Parses command-line arguments passed to scripts.
    • Example: argparse.ArgumentParser().add_argument('--name') adds a command-line option.
33. __future__: Enables new language features before they are standard in Python.
    • Example: from __future__ import print_function ensures Python 3 print in Python 2.
34. tempfile: Creates temporary files and directories.
    • Example: tempfile.TemporaryFile() creates a temporary file.
35. codecs: Encodes and decodes data, handling various encodings.
    • Example: codecs.encode('text', 'utf-8') encodes text as UTF-8.
36. itertools: Functions for efficient looping, like permutations and combinations.
    • Example: itertools.permutations([1, 2, 3]) generates permutations of a list.
37. unittest: A framework for testing Python code.
    • Example: unittest.TestCase provides methods to create tests.
38. pickle: Serializes and deserializes Python objects.
    • Example: pickle.dump(obj, file) saves an object to a file.
39. random: Generates random numbers and choices.
    • Example: random.randint(1, 10) generates a random integer between 1 and 10.
40. socket: Provides low-level networking interfaces.
    • Example: socket.socket() creates a new socket for network communication.
41. email: Constructs and parses email messages.
    • Example: email.message.EmailMessage() creates a new email object.
42. typing: Supports type hints for Python code.
    • Example: from typing import List specifies a list of a certain type.
43. subprocess: Runs external commands and programs.
    • Example: subprocess.run(['ls', '-l']) executes a shell command.
44. xml: Parses and creates XML documents.
    • Example: xml.etree.ElementTree.parse('file.xml') parses an XML file.
45. cProfile: Profiles Python code to measure performance.
    • Example: cProfile.run('my_function()') profiles a function’s execution.
46. types: Provides dynamic type creation and checks.
    • Example: types.FunctionType checks if an object is a function.
47. unicodedata: Manipulates Unicode character properties.
    • Example: unicodedata.name('a') returns the Unicode name for a character.
48. difflib: Compares sequences, like lines in a file.
    • Example: difflib.ndiff('text1', 'text2') shows differences between texts.
49. operator: Functions for arithmetic and logical operations.
    • Example: operator.add(1, 2) adds two numbers.
50. pprint: Pretty-prints Python data structures.
    • Example: pprint.pprint(some_dict) formats a dictionary for readability.
51. array: Handles arrays of basic values like numbers.
    • Example: array.array('i', [1, 2, 3]) creates an array of integers.
52. struct: Packs and unpacks binary data.
    • Example: struct.pack('hhl', 1, 2, 3) packs data into a binary string.
53. gc: Interfaces with Python’s garbage collection.
    • Example: gc.collect() manually triggers garbage collection.
54. fnmatch: Unix filename pattern matching.
    • Example: fnmatch.fnmatch('file.txt', '*.txt') matches files with .txt extension.
55. locale: Manages locale-specific data like dates and numbers.
    • Example: locale.setlocale(locale.LC_TIME, 'en_US.UTF-8') sets the time locale.
56. tokenize: Splits Python source code into tokens.
    • Example: tokenize.tokenize(open('file.py').readline) tokenizes Python code.
57. tokenize: Breaks Python source code into tokens for lexical analysis.
    • Example: tokenize.tokenize(open('script.py').readline) generates tokens for the given script.
58. tarfile: Reads and writes tar archive files.
    • Example: tarfile.open('archive.tar.gz').extractall() extracts all files from a tar archive.
59. binascii: Converts between binary data and ASCII representations.
    • Example: binascii.hexlify(b'\x00\x01') converts binary data to a hexadecimal string.
60. optparse: Deprecated module for parsing command-line options; use argparse instead.
    • Example: optparse.OptionParser().parse_args() parses command-line options.
61. doctest: Tests code by running examples embedded in documentation.
    • Example: doctest.testmod() checks examples in docstrings against actual output.
62. dis: Disassembles Python bytecode into a more readable form.
    • Example: dis.dis(some_function) shows the bytecode of a function.
63. copy: Provides shallow and deep copy operations for objects.
    • Example: copy.deepcopy(obj) creates a deep copy of an object.
64. uuid: Generates universally unique identifiers (UUIDs).
    • Example: uuid.uuid4() generates a random UUID.
65. reprlib: Provides a way to create abbreviated string representations of large data structures.
    • Example: reprlib.repr(some_large_object) shortens the string representation.
66. platform: Provides information about the underlying platform (OS, Python version, etc.).
    • Example: platform.system() returns the operating system name.
67. math: Provides mathematical functions like trigonometry, logarithms, etc.
    • Example: math.sqrt(9) calculates the square root of 9.
68. calendar: Provides functions related to calendars and dates.
    • Example: calendar.month(2024, 8) prints the calendar for August 2024.
69. ctypes: Provides C-compatible data types and allows calling functions in DLLs/shared libraries.
    • Example: ctypes.CDLL('libc.so.6').printf(b"Hello\n") calls C’s printf.
70. code: Provides facilities for interpreting Python code dynamically.
    • Example: code.interact() starts an interactive Python interpreter session.
71. rlcompleter: Enhances Python interactive mode with tab completion.
    • Example: import rlcompleter; readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete") enables tab completion.
72. xmlrpc: Supports creating XML-RPC servers and clients.
    • Example: xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy('http://localhost:8000') creates an XML-RPC client.
73. ast: Provides functions to process and analyze Python abstract syntax trees.
    • Example: ast.parse("x = 1") generates an AST from a Python expression.
74. enum: Provides support for enumerations, a set of symbolic names bound to unique, constant values.
    • Example: from enum import Enum; class Color(Enum): RED = 1 defines an enumeration.
75. builtins: Contains standard built-in objects, like len, print, range, etc.
    • Example: builtins.print("Hello") invokes the built-in print function.
76. weakref: Implements weak references to objects, allowing them to be garbage collected.
    • Example: weakref.ref(some_object) creates a weak reference to an object.
77. pkgutil: Provides utilities for Python package manipulation.
    • Example: pkgutil.iter_modules() lists all available modules in a package.
78. secrets: Provides functions for generating cryptographically strong random numbers.
    • Example: secrets.token_hex(16) generates a secure random token.
79. textwrap: Formats and wraps text to fit within a given width.
    • Example: textwrap.fill("This is a very long sentence.", width=20) wraps text to 20 characters per line.
80. configparser: Reads and writes configuration files in INI format.
    • Example: configparser.ConfigParser().read('config.ini') reads an INI file.
81. errno: Provides standard error numbers and their associated messages.
    • Example: errno.EACCES gives the error code for “Permission denied”.

Pip Modules

Odoo Python Pip modules with a brief:

1. Babel: Provides internationalization (i18n) and localization (l10n) support in Python applications.
   • Example: babel.dates.format_date(date, locale='fr_FR') formats a date in French.
2. chardet: Detects the encoding of text files or byte streams automatically.
   • Example: chardet.detect(b'\xe4\xb8\xad\xe6\x96\x87') detects the encoding as UTF-8.
3. cryptography: Provides cryptographic recipes and primitives for secure data encryption.
   • Example: from cryptography.fernet import Fernet; key = Fernet.generate_key() generates a key for encryption.
4. decorator: Simplifies the creation of decorators to modify or extend functions.
   • Example: @decorator.decorator can be used to create a reusable decorator.
5. docutils: Processes plaintext documentation into formats like HTML or LaTeX, particularly reStructuredText (reST).
   • Example: docutils.core.publish_string(source, writer_name='html') converts reST to HTML.
6. ebaysdk: Python SDK for eBay APIs, enabling integration with eBay services.
   • Example: ebaysdk.trading.Connection(config_file='ebay.yaml').execute('GetItem', {'ItemID': '123456'}) fetches item details from eBay.
7. freezegun: Allows you to “freeze” time for testing purposes.
   • Example: from freezegun import freeze_time; freeze_time("2022-01-01") sets the current date to January 1, 2022.
8. gevent: Provides coroutine-based networking libraries, making asynchronous programming easier.
   • Example: gevent.spawn(function) spawns a new greenlet for concurrent execution.
9. greenlet: A lightweight coroutine library, enabling cooperative multitasking.
   • Example: greenlet.greenlet(function).switch() starts a new greenlet for execution.
10. idna: Implements the Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA) standard for handling non-ASCII domain names.
    • Example: idna.encode('täst.de') encodes the domain name to its ASCII form.
11. Jinja2: A fast and powerful template engine for Python, often used with web frameworks like Flask.
    • Example: Jinja2.Template('Hello, ').render(name='World') renders a template with a variable.
12. libsass: Python bindings for the libsass Sass compiler, used for processing Sass/SCSS files.
    • Example: libsass.compile(filename='style.scss') compiles a SCSS file to CSS.
13. lxml: A powerful library for parsing XML and HTML with support for XPath and XSLT.
    • Example: lxml.etree.parse('file.xml') parses an XML file.
14. MarkupSafe: Escapes characters in strings for safe use in HTML and XML.
    • Example: MarkupSafe.escape('<div>') converts '<div>' to '<div>'.
15. num2words: Converts numbers to words in various languages.
    • Example: num2words(123) converts 123 to 'one hundred and twenty-three'.
16. ofxparse: Parses Open Financial Exchange (OFX) data used by financial institutions.
    • Example: ofxparse.OfxParser.parse(open('statement.ofx')) parses an OFX file.
17. passlib: A comprehensive password hashing library supporting multiple algorithms.
    • Example: passlib.hash.sha256_crypt.hash('password') securely hashes a password.
18. Pillow: A powerful image processing library that extends the capabilities of the Python Imaging Library (PIL).
    • Example: Pillow.Image.open('image.jpg').resize((100, 100)) resizes an image.
19. polib: Manages gettext .po and .mo files used for software localization.
    • Example: polib.pofile('file.po').save_as_mofile('file.mo') converts a PO file to MO format.
20. psutil: Provides system and process utilities, offering information on CPU, memory, disks, and more.
    • Example: psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1) retrieves CPU usage as a percentage.
21. psycopg2: A PostgreSQL database adapter for Python, enabling interaction with PostgreSQL databases.
    • Example: psycopg2.connect(database="test") connects to a PostgreSQL database.
22. pydot: A Python interface to Graphviz’s Dot language, used for creating and processing graph descriptions.
    • Example: pydot.Dot(graph_type='graph').write_png('graph.png') generates a graph image.
23. pyopenssl: A wrapper for OpenSSL, providing cryptographic operations and SSL/TLS support.
    • Example: pyopenssl.crypto.load_certificate(pyopenssl.FILETYPE_PEM, cert_data) loads a PEM certificate.
24. PyPDF2: A library for working with PDF documents, supporting splitting, merging, and more.
    • Example: PyPDF2.PdfFileReader('document.pdf').getPage(0) retrieves the first page of a PDF.
25. pypiwin32: Provides access to Windows APIs from Python, often used for COM and automation tasks.
    • Example: win32api.MessageBox(0, 'Hello', 'Title') creates a Windows message box.
26. pyserial: A library for serial port communication, often used for interfacing with hardware devices.
    • Example: serial.Serial('/dev/ttyUSB0') opens a serial port.
27. python-dateutil: Provides powerful extensions to Python’s datetime module, including timezone support.
    • Example: dateutil.parser.parse('2024-08-25') parses a date string into a datetime object.
28. python-ldap: A library for interacting with LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) directories.
    • Example: ldap.initialize('ldap://server').simple_bind_s('user', 'password') connects to an LDAP server.
29. python-stdnum: Validates, formats, and parses standard numbers, such as VAT IDs, IBANs, and more.
    • Example: stdnum.is_valid('VAT', 'DE123456789') validates a German VAT number.
30. pytz: Enables accurate timezone calculations using the Olson timezone database.
    • Example: pytz.timezone('Europe/Berlin').localize(datetime.datetime(2024, 8, 25, 12, 0)) converts to Berlin time.
31. pyusb: Provides easy access to USB devices from Python.
    • Example: usb.core.find(idVendor=0x1234, idProduct=0x5678) finds a specific USB device.
32. qrcode: Generates QR codes, supporting multiple formats and customization.
    • Example: qrcode.make('https://example.com').save('qrcode.png') generates a QR code image.
33. reportlab: A library for generating PDFs and graphics, often used in reporting and document automation.
    • Example: reportlab.pdfgen.canvas.Canvas('document.pdf').drawString(100, 750, 'Hello, World!') creates a PDF with text.
34. requests: A popular library for making HTTP requests, simplifying interactions with web APIs.
    • Example: requests.get('https://api.example.com/data') retrieves data from a URL.
35. urllib3: A powerful, user-friendly HTTP library with connection pooling, retries, and thread safety.
    • Example: urllib3.PoolManager().request('GET', 'https://example.com') makes an HTTP request.
36. vobject: Handles vCard and iCalendar formats, often used in contact and calendar management.
    • Example: vobject.readOne(open('contact.vcf').read()) parses a vCard.
37. Werkzeug: A comprehensive WSGI web application library, powering many Python web frameworks.
    • Example: werkzeug.Request(environ) wraps WSGI environment in a request object.
38. xlrd: Reads data from Excel files (.xls), often used for data extraction.
    • Example: xlrd.open_workbook('file.xls').sheet_by_index(0) opens the first sheet of an Excel file.
39. XlsxWriter: Creates Excel files (.xlsx) with advanced formatting options.
    • Example: XlsxWriter.Workbook('file.xlsx').add_worksheet().write('A1', 'Hello') creates an Excel file.
40. xlwt: Writes data to Excel files (.xls) with basic formatting options.
    • Example: xlwt.Workbook().add_sheet('Sheet1').write(0, 0, 'Hello') creates an Excel file.
41. zeep: A Python SOAP client library, making it easy to work with SOAP web services.
    • Example: zeep.Client('http://example.com/service?wsdl').service.method() calls a SOAP service method. Here’s how Odoo leverages various Python modules along with code examples to illustrate their usage:

How Odoo Use the Pip modules

1. Babel:
   • Usage: Odoo uses Babel for internationalization (i18n) and localization (l10n) to manage translations.
   • Code Example:

     from babel.dates import format_date
     date_string = format_date(date, locale='fr_FR')
     

   • In Odoo: Babel is used in Odoo to format dates, numbers, and currencies based on the user’s locale settings.
2. chardet:
   • Usage: Odoo uses chardet to detect and handle different character encodings in data imports.
   • Code Example:

     import chardet
     result = chardet.detect(b'some text')
     encoding = result['encoding']
     

   • In Odoo: This helps Odoo automatically handle CSV or XML files with various encodings during data imports.
3. cryptography:
   • Usage: Odoo uses the cryptography library for secure encryption of sensitive data such as passwords.
   • Code Example:

     from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
     key = Fernet.generate_key()
     cipher = Fernet(key)
     encrypted_text = cipher.encrypt(b'secret data')
     

   • In Odoo: Cryptography ensures the secure storage and transmission of sensitive information like API keys.
4. decorator:
   • Usage: The decorator module is used in Odoo to simplify the creation and use of decorators in the framework.
   • Code Example:

     from decorator import decorator
     @decorator
     def my_decorator(f, *args, **kwargs):
         print("Before call")
         return f(*args, **kwargs)
     

   • In Odoo: Decorators in Odoo are extensively used for access control, caching, and other common patterns.
5. docutils:
   • Usage: Odoo utilizes docutils to manage and render reStructuredText (reST) content, often for documentation.
   • Code Example:

     from docutils.core import publish_string
     html = publish_string('Some reStructuredText', writer_name='html')
     

   • In Odoo: Helps generate and display formatted documentation within the system.
6. Jinja2:
   • Usage: Jinja2 is the templating engine used by Odoo to render dynamic content in reports and web pages.
   • Code Example:

     from jinja2 import Template
     template = Template("Hello, !")
     rendered = template.render(name="Odoo")
     

   • In Odoo: Odoo’s report templates and QWeb views use Jinja2 to inject dynamic data.
7. lxml:
   • Usage: Odoo uses lxml for efficient parsing and manipulation of XML documents, especially for data import/export.
   • Code Example:

     from lxml import etree
     tree = etree.parse('file.xml')
     root = tree.getroot()
     

   • In Odoo: XML-RPC calls and data migration scripts rely on lxml for XML parsing.
8. Pillow:
   • Usage: Odoo uses Pillow for image processing, such as resizing images for product catalogs.
   • Code Example:

     from PIL import Image
     img = Image.open('image.jpg')
     img.thumbnail((100, 100))
     img.save('thumbnail.jpg')
     

   • In Odoo: Used in product images, employee photos, and any other image handling features.
9. psycopg2:
   • Usage: The PostgreSQL adapter psycopg2 is fundamental to Odoo for managing database interactions.
   • Code Example:

     import psycopg2
     conn = psycopg2.connect(dbname="odoo_db", user="odoo", password="odoo")
     cur = conn.cursor()
     cur.execute("SELECT * FROM res_partner")
     rows = cur.fetchall()
     

   • In Odoo: All database queries, including ORM operations, are powered by psycopg2.
10. requests:
    • Usage: Odoo utilizes requests for making HTTP requests, often in integrations with external services.
    • Code Example:

      import requests
      response = requests.get('https://api.example.com/data')
      

    • In Odoo: API integrations with services like payment gateways, shipping providers, etc., use requests.
11. Werkzeug:
    • Usage: Odoo relies on Werkzeug as part of the HTTP stack for request handling and WSGI support.
    • Code Example:

      from werkzeug.wrappers import Request, Response
      def application(environ, start_response):
          request = Request(environ)
          response = Response('Hello, World!')
          return response(environ, start_response)
      

    • In Odoo: The web server and routing mechanisms in Odoo are built on top of Werkzeug.
12. qrcode:
    • Usage: Odoo uses the qrcode module to generate QR codes for invoices, payments, and more.
    • Code Example:

      import qrcode
      img = qrcode.make('https://odoo.com')
      img.save('qrcode.png')
      

    • In Odoo: QR codes are commonly used in invoices and tickets for easy scanning.
13. libsass:
    • Usage: Odoo uses libsass to compile Sass (Syntactically Awesome Style Sheets) to CSS, allowing for modular and maintainable stylesheets.
    • Code Example:

      import sass
      css = sass.compile(string='body { color: blue; }')
      

    • In Odoo: libsass is often used in Odoo’s frontend development to style web pages and reports.
14. MarkupSafe:
    • Usage: Odoo uses MarkupSafe to safely handle HTML and XML content, preventing injection attacks.
    • Code Example:

      from markupsafe import escape
      safe_text = escape('<script>alert("XSS")</script>')
      

    • In Odoo: This is particularly important in Odoo’s templating system to ensure that user inputs are sanitized.
15. num2words:
    • Usage: Converts numbers into their word representations, useful in generating reports or checks.
    • Code Example:

      from num2words import num2words
      words = num2words(123)
      

    • In Odoo: Used in financial reports, such as invoices or payment documents, where amounts are written out in words.
16. ofxparse:
    • Usage: Parses OFX (Open Financial Exchange) files, typically used in financial integrations.
    • Code Example:

      import ofxparse
      with open('bank_statement.ofx') as file:
          ofx = ofxparse.OfxParser.parse(file)
      

    • In Odoo: Useful for importing bank statements and reconciling accounts.
17. passlib:
    • Usage: Odoo uses passlib for secure password hashing and management.
    • Code Example:

      from passlib.context import CryptContext
      pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")
      hash = pwd_context.hash("my_password")
      

    • In Odoo: Ensures that user passwords are stored securely using strong hashing algorithms.
18. polib:
    • Usage: Manages PO (Portable Object) files for translations in Odoo’s multi-language support.
    • Code Example:

      import polib
      po = polib.pofile('locale/fr.po')
      po.save_as_mofile('locale/fr.mo')
      

    • In Odoo: Allows for managing translations across different languages used in the Odoo interface.
19. psutil:
    • Usage: Provides system information such as CPU, memory, disk usage, and process management.
    • Code Example:

      import psutil
      cpu_usage = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1)
      

    • In Odoo: Used for monitoring server performance and optimizing resource usage.
20. pydot:
    • Usage: Creates and renders graph descriptions in DOT language, useful in generating diagrams.
    • Code Example:

      import pydot
      graph = pydot.Dot(graph_type='graph')
      graph.write_png('graph.png')
      

    • In Odoo: Useful for visualizing workflows or organizational structures.
21. pyopenssl:
    • Usage: Wraps OpenSSL to provide secure communication over networks.
    • Code Example:

      from OpenSSL import crypto
      cert = crypto.load_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, cert_data)
      

    • In Odoo: Manages SSL/TLS certificates for securing communication channels.
22. PyPDF2:
    • Usage: Handles PDF files, allowing for reading, splitting, merging, and more.
    • Code Example:

      from PyPDF2 import PdfFileReader
      reader = PdfFileReader('document.pdf')
      page = reader.getPage(0)
      

    • In Odoo: Generates and processes PDF reports, invoices, and other documents.
23. pypiwin32:
    • Usage: Provides access to Windows APIs for tasks such as automation or system-level operations.
    • Code Example:

      import win32api
      win32api.MessageBox(0, 'Hello', 'Title')
      

    • In Odoo: Primarily useful in Windows-based deployments for interacting with the OS.
24. pyserial:
    • Usage: Interfaces with serial devices, typically used for hardware communication.
    • Code Example:

      import serial
      ser = serial.Serial('/dev/ttyUSB0', 9600)
      

    • In Odoo: Enables communication with devices like barcode scanners and POS hardware.
25. python-dateutil:
    • Usage: Enhances date and time manipulation, particularly useful for parsing and handling timezones.
    • Code Example:

      from dateutil import parser
      dt = parser.parse("2024-08-25T12:00:00")
      

    • In Odoo: Manages date and time fields, ensuring correct timezone handling.
26. python-ldap:
    • Usage: Interfaces with LDAP directories for authentication and user management.
    • Code Example:

      import ldap
      conn = ldap.initialize('ldap://localhost')
      conn.simple_bind_s('user', 'password')
      

    • In Odoo: Used for integrating with corporate LDAP directories for user authentication.
27. python-stdnum:
    • Usage: Validates and processes standard numbers such as VAT IDs, IBANs, and other identifiers.
    • Code Example:

      from stdnum import iban
      valid = iban.is_valid('DE89370400440532013000')
      

    • In Odoo: Ensures that customer and supplier identifiers are correct and standardized.
28. pytz:
    • Usage: Handles accurate timezone conversions using the Olson database.
    • Code Example:

      from pytz import timezone
      tz = timezone('Europe/Berlin')
      dt = tz.localize(datetime(2024, 8, 25, 12, 0))
      

    • In Odoo: Manages timezone-aware datetime fields, ensuring consistency across different regions.
29. pyusb:
    • Usage: Provides USB device access for communication with hardware.
    • Code Example:

      import usb.core
      dev = usb.core.find(idVendor=0x1234, idProduct=0x5678)
      

    • In Odoo: Useful for interfacing with USB devices like receipt printers and scanners.
30. qrcode:
    • Usage: Generates QR codes for various purposes, such as payments or product labels.
    • Code Example:

      import qrcode
      img = qrcode.make('https://odoo.com')
      img.save('qrcode.png')
      

    • In Odoo: QR codes are generated for invoices, payment requests, and more.
31. reportlab:
    • Usage: Generates PDFs dynamically, with options for complex layouts and graphics.
    • Code Example:

      from reportlab.pdfgen import canvas
      c = canvas.Canvas("file.pdf")
      c.drawString(100, 750, "Hello, World")
      c.save()
      

    • In Odoo: Used extensively for generating PDF reports, invoices, and other documents.
32. requests:
    • Usage: Makes HTTP requests with ease, simplifying interactions with APIs.
    • Code Example:

      import requests
      response = requests.get('https://api.example.com/data')
      

    • In Odoo: Used for integrations with external APIs, such as payment gateways and shipping services.
33. urllib3:
    • Usage: A more advanced HTTP library that supports connection pooling, retries, and thread safety.
    • Code Example:

      import urllib3
      http = urllib3.PoolManager()
      response = http.request('GET', 'https://example.com')
      

    • In Odoo: Handles more complex HTTP interactions, especially with external services.
34. vobject:
    • Usage: Manages vCard and iCalendar formats, facilitating contact and calendar management.
    • Code Example:

      import vobject
      card = vobject.readOne('BEGIN:VCARD\nFN:John Doe\nEND:VCARD')
      

    • In Odoo: Imports and exports contacts and calendar events in vCard or iCal format.
35. Werkzeug:
    • Usage: A WSGI utility library used for request handling in web applications.
    • Code Example:

      from werkzeug.wrappers import Request, Response
      @Request.application
      def application(request):
          return Response('Hello, World!')
      

    • In Odoo: Underlies the web server implementation, managing HTTP requests and responses.
36. xlrd:
    • Usage: Reads data from Excel files (.xls) for processing.
    • Code Example:

      import xlrd
      workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('data.xls')
      sheet = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
      

    • In Odoo: Used for importing data from Excel files into Odoo, particularly for older formats (.xls).
37. XlsxWriter:
    • Usage: Creates and writes data to Excel files (.xlsx).
    • Code Example:

      import xlsxwriter
      workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('report.xlsx')
      worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
      worksheet.write('A1', 'Hello')
      workbook.close()
      

    • In Odoo: Generates Excel reports, often used in financial and inventory management modules.
38. xlwt:
    • Usage: Writes data to older Excel file formats (.xls).
    • Code Example:

      import xlwt
      workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
      sheet = workbook.add_sheet('Sheet 1')
      sheet.write(0, 0, 'Data')
      workbook.save('output.xls')
      

    • In Odoo: Primarily used for exporting reports or data in the .xls format, particularly for compatibility with older systems.
39. zeep:
    • Usage: A SOAP client for consuming web services.
    • Code Example:

      from zeep import Client
      client = Client('http://www.example.com/service?wsdl')
      response = client.service.SomeMethod(param='value')
      

    • In Odoo: Enables integration with systems that expose SOAP-based web services, such as certain ERP systems or government portals.